Results: Polichemotherapy was administered to 16 patients (15 men, 1 woman) with mean age of 61.4 (44-76) years. Thirteen patients had an initial PS=0/1; ten patients had professional contact with products presumably containing asbestos; histology results identified epithelial-type in 14 patients and mixed-type in 2; all patients were in stages III or IV; diagnosis was made by VATS in 14 patients, blind pleural biopsy in 1 patient and guided transthoracic biopsy in 1 patient. Thirteen patients had palliative radiotherapy over the area submitted to specimen collection. We obtained partial responses in 4 patients (25%), stability in 6 (37.5%) and progression in 6 (37.5%). Mean number of chemotherapy sessions was 4.5. To date (September, 2005) 15 patients have died. Mean length to progression was 6.4 months (2-14) and survival 13.8 months (4-29). We observed 7 cases of neutropenia (grades 3 and 4), 2 of which were febrile neutropenia with hospital admission. Reflection: Our results regarding this rare pathology were similar to those found in the literature. It would be interesting to collect national data from all units that treat or have treated MPM; a clinical study comparing the actual chemotherapy regimen to one of those used previously would be another interesting approach to this pathology.