Ranpirnase as a potential antitumor ribonuclease treatment for mesothelioma and other malignancies
Wednesday, June 4th, 2008.
Future Oncology. 2008 Jun;4(3):341-9. [Link]
Beck AK, Pass HI, Carbone M, Yang H.
New York University School of Medicine, 530 First Ave., Suite 9V, New York, NY 10016, USA,
Abstract
Ranpirnase, originally isolated from oocytes of the northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens), is a member of the pancreatic RNase A superfamily of ribonucleases. Ranpirnase exerts antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in vitro and in vivo and has been shown to act synergistically with different cancer therapeutic agents. The cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of ranpirnase are the consequence of tRNA degradation that results in the disruption of protein translation and the induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis). Ranpirnase has been shown to target malignant cells both in human cancer cell lines and in animal models, and has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of several human cancers in clinical studies. Most clinical studies have been conducted in patients with malignant mesothelioma, and a confirmatory Phase IIIb trial is currently underway for the treatment of this disease. Owing to its selective destruction of malignant cells and favorable toxicology profile, ranpirnase is a promising antitumor agent with ideal attributes that are generally lacking in conventional cytotoxic drugs.
Glossary
- oncology
- (on-call-o-jee) the branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
- cytotoxic
- (site-o-tox-ik) toxic to cells; cell-killing.
- cell
- the basic unit of which all living things are made. Cells replace themselves by splitting and forming new cells (mitosis). The processes that control the formation of new cells and the death of old cells are disrupted in cancer.
- cancer
- malignancy; a group of diseases typified by abnormal, generally out-of-control, cell growth.
- mesothelioma
- a tumor derived from mesothelial tissue, such as the peritoneum (lining the abdomen) or pleura (lining the lungs). More on mesothelioma.
- apoptosis
- a type of cell death in which the cell basically commits suicide; scientists believe some types of cancer may originate from an interruption of this programmed cell death, allowing cells to grow out of control.
